Here’s a super simple activity that helps students to “see” multiplication facts. It’s also a great way for them to see the connection between addition and subtraction as they “use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in rectangular arrays” (CCSSM 2.OA.C.4) and to “interpret products of whole numbers” (CCSSM 3.OA.A.1).

Using inch graph paper, have students make rectangular arrays and record the rows (horizontal) and columns (vertical) as multiplication equations. This is a good time to discuss the vocabulary factor and product.

And while we’re at it, let’s throw in some geometry by showing students that a 2 by 3 array is the same as a 3 by 2 array…they are congruent.

Algebra?? Absolutely! The product of 2 x 3 is the same as the product of 3 x 2. The Commutative Property of Multiplication. Ask students how knowing this property can help them.

Here’s a video I put together a long time ago that talks about this and other concepts that can be taught by rectangular arrays:

Connections to the CCSSM: 2.OA.C.4; 3.OA.A.1; 3.OA.A.3; 3.OA.A.4; 3.OA.B.5; 3.OA.C.7